Stain filler compositions and pigmented fillers therefor



Patented Feb. 10, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STAINI FILLER COMPOSITIONS. AND' PIGMENTED' FILLEES THEREFOR George. L. Deniston, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to Chadeloid Corporation, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application. June 4, 1949-, Serial No. 97,329.

2 Claims.

This invention relates to wood finishing. More particularly, it relates to a methodof staining. and filling wood. Still more particularly it relates.

to a combined wood filler and stain andsea'ler compositions.

The conventional stain-fillers have been prepared whereby the steps of staining, applyin a.

wash coat of shellac or the like, andthen applying a filler, have been reduced to a single operation.

These stain-fillers-have had av limited field of usefulness because of the filler material which it was necessary to incorporate;

The fillers have consisted of two types of suspendable inert materials, the neutral coloredflllers such as'asbestine; silica, silex' Wood flour or fillers exhibit a muddy appearance which detracts from the finish and obscures the beauty of the grain structure.

Another difficulty experienced with stain-fillers presently in use has been the slow drying of the compositions due to the slowness of the oils to set up and the tenacious manner in which the fillers hold: solvents in: the pores of the wood. This slowness. in releasing solvent has meant a long drying periodbeforethe additional: finishing.

steps of applying sanding sealer, and; cellulose surfacing material could be carried out without;

dangerof. blistering or pock marking the finsh. It isan object of thisinventionto provide coating. compositions of the combinedfiller-stain type which overcome the disadvantages; and; difficulties associated with the use, of priorrstainfillers.

It is another; object of; the; presentinvention; to provide an improved combined. stain and filler in which there is no oil.

A still further object of this invention is to provide an improved. combined stain and filler of markedly reduced drying time.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved combined stain-filler which regardlessof color of the. woodrequires.- only one filler material.

Still another object of this invention, is. to:

provide a coating composition which does. not have a filler distinguishable from the. stain solution.

A still further. object of this invention is to.

provide, a stain filler which is of such uniformity of'color as. to be free. from muddy appearance occasioned. by difierent absorption of light by the various heterogeneous fillers.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a stain filler of uniform color andclearness whichrenders the. liquid relatively transparent, thus allowing the true beauty of the grain.

ofthe wood. to be. apparent and developed.

Still other objects and advantages will appear to, those skilled. in. this art; as the; description proceeds.

In carrying out the objects of this invention,

a coating composition is prepared which consists basically of a non-aqueous solution of acid organic dyestuffs. nature that it isitself dyed to. the desired color in the dye solution, and the dye solution and suspended. product. is combined with suitable resins; soluble in or compatiblewith the combination.

of. dye. solvent or solvents and thinner.

The preparation of the stain-filler is preferably carried out by diluting. a solventv having. the

ability to dissolve, resin and, also to be a solvent.

for or compatible with, solvents for acid, organic dyestuffs with a thinner composed of a. mixture. of aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic. alcohols.

The dyestufii'isof. a low number of carbons. dissolved and. suchcomponents as fast drying resin, and. if dcsiredemulsifying agents, wetting agents. bodying agents, dispersing agents incorporated by. thorough, mixing.

To. this solution is added a hydrated.precipi-- This hydrated pre-- cipitated calcium silicate has theunique charac teristic of assuming the color of the solutiontated calcium. silicate filler.

probably by absorption. or adsorptionof the dyestufi. Thus, it'is notnecessary to add dark colored pigments to camouflage. whiteor light colored fillers oia color. diiferentfrom thatofthe stain.

It. is. at. once. apparent-that. this stain filler is: simply prepared by mixing the, ingredients in. some good agitator, such asa ponymixer. Grind ing onthe. cumbersome ballmill oiia paste which must afterwards be thinned is entirely eliminated.

Elimination. of this step, is an important. economic factor, inasmuchas theexpense of a ball mill. and the labor cost incidental to the-operae tion, and. the cleaning of such: equipment issaved.

Another advantage. of this filler is its; low. sol

The filler solution. is of such a.

vent absorption characteristics. The hydrated precipitated calcium silicate absorbs one-twentieth as much solvent, as for example, wood flour, and therefore carries with it that much less solvent which must be released from the wood pores during drying.

The solvent vehicle for the stain filler is preferably a single solvent capable of dissolving both resin and dyestuif. This feature is not absolutely necessary, however, since the vehicle. may be two or more compatible solvents having solvent power for one or the other of the basic constituents.

The solvents in which the acid organic dyestuffs are soluble are characterized by the hydroxyl group, which gives the product some water-characteristic. Useful solvents having solvent power for both dyestuifs and resins are the Carbitols, for example, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene monobutyl ether, and the like, Cellosolves such as ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and equivalent higher alcohols.

Other solvents useful in various solvent combinations are the amino alkyl alcohols, such as methyl amino propanol, ethyl amino butanol and equivalent alcohols, also the cyclic alcohols, such as furfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, and the like.

Aromatic hydrocarbons useful in conjunction with the above solvents are toluol, xylol, aromatic naphthas, petroleum naphtha, and the like.

In addition, certain lower aliphatic alcohols may be used with these aromatics to form thinner compositions, such as methyl alcohol, propylene alcohol, butyl alcohol, and the like. Under certain circumstances additional compounds, such as acetates, ketones and the like, may be of such a nature as to be compatible in these mixtures.

Color is imparted to these stain-filler compositions by the use of dyestuff. Acid organic of aniline dyestuifs are utilized because they are very fast to light and are readily soluble in vehicles characterized by the hydroxyl group. Thus, for example, the following dyestufis may be used alone or in combinations to produce almost any desired staining color Buffalo Black NBR Conc. 126% Black Stain B34951, Nigrosine 4523J Conc. Powder; the following yellow dyestuffs: Fast Wool Yellow 3 GL Conc. 125%, Fast Light Yellow 3G Ex. Conc., Fast Light Yellow D3GA; the following orange-yellow dyestuffs: Metanil Yellow 1955, Calcocid Yellow MXXX Conc.; the following orange dyestuffs: Fast Light Orange 2G, Fast Light Orange GA Conc.; the following red dyestuffs: Azo Rubine Ex. Conc. 133%, Calcocid Milling Red 7B Conc.; Camoisine BA Extra Conc. CF, Chromolan Bordeaux R. Groceine Scarlet MOO.

Binder resins of the alkyd type are preferred because they exhibit excellent air drying qualities which is essential to a good stain filler. Other resins which may be used are the phenolic resins, the maleic resins, esterifiedresins or rosins, urea formaldehyde resins. An excellent example of fast drying resin is sold under the trade name of Beckosol #1313, which is of the alkyd type referred to above, having a phthalic anhydride base.

The quantities of these basic constituents may be varied within reasonable limits depending upon the specific formulation. In general, it may be stated that a formulation including a diethylene glycol monoethyl ether may have the ether and filler vary from 5 to 100 parts by weight depending upon the thickness of stain filler desired.

The dye may constitute from 1 to parts of the composition, while the resin content may constitute an additional 5 to 100 parts by weight, and the filler may vary from 10 to 120 parts by weight.

When a thinner mixture of for example methanol and toluol is used, the methanol may constitute 5 to 40 parts, while the toluol may vary from 10 to 30 parts, with the ratio of methanol to toluol seldom less than 1 to 1, and preferably in the ratio of 2 parts of methanol for each part of toluol.

Additional substances which may be added to the stain filler to improve one or more characteristics are the aforementioned wetting agents, dispersing agents, and bodying agents.

Wetting agents such as morpholine, which is a secondary amine, or sulfonates and sulfates such as the sodium salt of alkyl napthalene sulfonic acid (Darvan) and sodium heptadecyl sulfate (Tergitol #7) have been found to be most satisfactory.

Dispersing agents for the filler may be selected from such representative groups as the polyvinyl family, metal soaps and esters. Polyvinyl alcohol is preferred because it acts as a thickening agent for the stain composition as well as acting as a disperser. This compound may be used in proportions of 5 to 30 parts by weight of solution.

Other polyvinyl compounds such as polyvinyl acetate may, however, be used in its place.

Other dispersing agents which have been found useful are the metallic soaps, such as aluminum or magnesium stearate, aluminum napthenates, sodium or ammonium methylacrylates.

Additional compounds that have been found useful are the modified polyhydric alcohol esters such as diglycol laurate, whose proper chemical name is diethylene glycol monolaurate.

These additional substances when added to stain filler form only a minor part of the composition. Thus, dispersing agents in general may vary from 0.1 part to 10 parts, which maximum of 10 seldom constitutes more than one-twentieth of the total weight.

Mixtures of the dispersing agents and bodying agents which are compatible in such mixtures are, for example, morpholine and polyvinyl alcohol (Darvan), polyvinyl acetate, aluminum stearate, and the like.

In the preparation of thinner compositions designed for spraying, the'procedure for preparing a mixture is relatively simple.

The methanol and toluol are poured into a pony mixer. To this mixture is added the dye or combination of dyestuffs. The pony mixture is then agitated for a few minutes to wet the dyestuffs. The desired amount of methyl Carbitol is then added and the pony mixer run until the dye solution is clear.

The resin, polyvinyl alcohol and, if desired, morpholine are then added and the mixture agitated for about ten mintues. To this dye and resin solution is then added the hydrated precipitated calcium silicate filler.

After a thorough agitation for a period such as ten minutes the mixture is ready to be applied to a wood surface to be stained.

In the following a few embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example without intending thereby to limit the invention thereto,

Example I parts of toluol and parts of methanol were placed in the pony mixer, as explained above. Then in order there was added:

viscosity Example H The following composition was prepared as explained above, with the ingredients being added in the order listed:

10 parts toluol 15 parts methanol 4 parts croceine orange 2 parts scarlet red moo 3.5 parts Buffalo black 50 parts methyl Carbitol parts phthalic and base alkyd resin 10 parts polyvinyl alcohol 10 parts aluminum stearate 5 parts morpholine 30 parts hydrated precipitated calcium silicate This composition, like the composition of Example I, dried within 10 minutes to a clear surface, allowing the grain structure of the wood to show through unclouded by any muddiness.

It will be understood that while there have been given herein certain specific examples of the practice of this invention, it is not intended thereby to have this invention limited to or circumscribed by the specific details of materials, proportions, or conditions herein specified, in view of the fact that this invention may be modified according to individual preference or conditions without necessarily departing from the spirit of this disclosure and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A combined wood stain and filler composi- Lion in the form of a solution-suspension, said composition comprising tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and 1 to 15 parts by weight of dyestuff, 5 to 190 parts by weight of an air-drying unmodified phthalic anhydride glycerol resin, 5 to 30 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 to 120 parts by weight of hydrated precipitated calcium silicate, and morpholine.

2. A combined wood stain and filler composition in the form of a solution-suspension, said composition comprising tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, and 1 to 15 parts by weight of dyestuff, 5 to parts by weight of an air-drying unmodifled phthalic anhydride glycerol resin, 5 to 30 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and 10 to parts by weight of hydrated precipitated calcium silicate.

GEORGE L. DENISTON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,161,503 Bush June 6, 1939 2,348,619 Green et a1. May 9, 1944. 2,389,708 Zolad Nov. 27, 1945 

1. A COMBINED WOOD STAIN AND FILER COMPOSITION IN THE FORM OF A SOLUTION-SUSPENSION, SAID COMPOSITION COMPRISING TETRAHYDROFURFURYL ALCOHOL, AND 1 TO 15 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF DYESTUFF, 5 TO 100 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF AN AIR DRYING UNMODIFIED PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE GLYCEROL RESIN, 5 TO 30 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, 10 TO 120 PARTS BY WEIGHT OF HYDRATED PRECIPITATED CALCIUM SILICATE, AND MORPHOLINE. 